6. 群体既可能是英雄群体，也可能是犯罪团体。 十字军东征向异教徒讨要基督徒的墓地。
In the age of the crusades to deliver the tomb of Christ from the infidel
uch heroism is without doubt somewhat unconscious, but it is of such heroism that history is made. Were peoples only to be credited with the great actions performed in cold blood, the annals of the world would register but few of them.
7. 群体所服从的冲动是如此的专横就好比是要湮灭个人利益的感受----群体不会预先思考。
The impulsion which the crowd obeys are so imperious as to annihilate the feeling of personal interest—Premediation is absent from crowds
8. The exaggeration and ingenuousness of the sentiments of crowds. Crowds do not admit doubt or uncertainty, and always go to extremes. Their sentiments always excessive.（正如文革）群众情绪的夸张与单纯、群体的偏执，专横和保守。The servility of crowds in the face of a strong authority.
9. 群众的特点：impulsiveness ,irritability, incapacity to reason, the absence of judgment and of the critical spirit(its plete lack of the critical spirit does not allow of its perceiving these contradictions.),
the exaggeration of the sentiments,suggestibility 易受暗示性credulity
① it is guided almost exclusively by unconscious motives. Its acts are far more under the influence of the spinal cord than of the brain. In this respect a crowd is closely akin to quite primitive beings.
② A crowd perpetually hovering on the borderland of unconsciousness.
③ Collective hallucination. Before evidence so palpable the hallucination vanished
④ At public meetings the slightest contradiction on the part of an orator is immediately received with howls of fury and violent invective, soon followed by blows.
⑤ A crowd is always ready to revolt against a feeble, and to bow down servile before a strong authority. Should the strength of an authority be interminttent, the crowd, always obedient to extreme sentiments, passes alternately from anarchy servitude, and from servitude to anarchy.
⑥ How numerous are the crowds that have heroically faced death for beliefs, ideas, and phrases that they scarcely understood.
10. 群众的观念，推理和想象力
① The popular imagination has always been the basis of the power of statesmen.
② 对表面的非本质的一个溪流比喻：these fundamental ideas resemble the volume of the water of a stream slowly pursuing its course; the transitory ideas are like the small waves, for ever changing which agitate its surface and are more visible than the progress of the stream itself although without real importance.
③ 科普需要大量修改原著，为了让群众看懂。When we are dealing with somewhat lofty philosophic or scientific ideas that we see how far-reaching are the modifications they require in order to lower then to the level of the intelligence of crowds.
A long time is necessary for ideas establish themselves in the minds of crowds but just as long a time is needed for them to be eradicated.
④ 群众的理性特点是把在两者之间拥有显著关系的非同凡响的是联系在一起，并且迅速把特殊事物普遍化（the cause of stereotype）
The characteristics of the reasoning of crowds are the association of dissimilar things possessing a merely apparent connection between each other, and the immediate generalization of particular cases.
⑤ 群众只能通过imagelike的东西被吸引
⑥ The threatening of socialism are the direct or indirect consequences of strong impressions produced on the imagination of crowd.
⑦ 刺激群众想象力的并不是真相本身，而是它们产生并且被人们注意的方式it is not then the facts in themselves that strick the popular imagination, but the way in which they take place and are brought under notice.
11. 宗教或是政治信条的创造人之所以能够站稳脚跟是因为它们成功地用幻想的情感激发了群众。All founders of religious or political creeds have established them soley because they were successful in inspiring crowds with those fanatical sentiments which have as result that men find their happiness in worship and obedience and are ready to lay down their lives for their idol. He was credited with the power of remedying all injustices and all evils.
① Sentiment has never been vanquished in its eternal conflict with reason.
② Were it possible to induce the masses to adopt atheism, this belief would exhibit all the intolerant ardour of a religious sentiment, and in its exterior forms would soon bee a coult.
③ The violence of the revolution, its massacres, its need of propaganda, its declarations of war upon all things, are only to be properly explained by reflecting t hat the revolution was merely the establishment of a new religious belief in the mind of the masses.
上一篇：《中国文学史新著》经典读后感10篇 下一篇：《醉玲珑》读后感精选10篇
推荐小说： 二号首长 侯卫东官场笔记 官场之风流人生 官道之色戒 脸谱 红色仕途 沧浪之水 驻京办主任 医道官途 重生之风流仕途 风流仕途 官道之权色撩人 官场之财色诱人 官路红颜 官场桃花运 官场风月 官道无疆 一号红人 官商 重生之官路商途 宦海沉浮 重生之官道